Observation of charge ordering signal in monovalent doped Nd0.75Na0.25-xKxMn1O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) manganites

K doping in the compound of Nd0.75Na0.25-xKxMn1O3 (x = 0, 0.05 and 0.10) manganites have been investigated to study its effect on crystalline phase and surface morphology as well as electrical transport and magnetic properties. The structure properties of the Nd0.75Na0.25- xKxMnO3 manganite have been characterized using X-ray diffraction measurement and it proved that the crystalline phase of samples were essentially single phased and indexed as orthorhombic structure with space group of Pnma. The morphological study from scanning electron microscope showed there was an improvement on the grains boundaries and sizes as well as the compactness with K doping suggestively due to the difference of ionic radius. On the other hand, DC electrical resistivity measurement showed all samples exhibit insulating behavior. However, analysis of dlnρ/dT-1 vs. T revealed the clearly peaks could be observed at temperature 210K for x = 0 and the peaks were shifted to the lower temperature around 190 K and 165 K for x = 0.05 and x = 0.1 respectively, indicate the existence of charge ordering (CO) state in the compound. Meanwhile, the investigation on magnetic behavior showed all samples exhibit transition from paramagnetic phase to anti-ferromagnetic phase with decreasing temperature and the TN was observed to shift to lower temperature suggestively due to weakening of CO stat

It Is A Satisfaction To Take Care Of My Grandchildren: Informal Care Of Cucu Amongmalay Grandmothers In Kuching

Despite the relatively high degree of research in formal care settings or licensed services, there remains lack of research on issues faced by the informal care providers. Grandparents are by far the greatest providers of informal child care, yet little is known about their experiences or factor associated with this type of care and its implications. The rise in the number of maternal employment is seen as being among the most significant changes to have affected family organisation. There are several popular assumptions that may be held by general public: that grandmothers are overburden and stress looking after their cucu. This study sought to determine the profile and the prevalence of grandmothers providing extensive care for grandchildren. Using a sample of three grandmothers aged 58, 62 and 65 years old, this paper explores the voices of grandmothers in taking care of their grandchildren. This paper thus highlights some of the experiences of the grandmothers including the thoughts of the descendents, the rewarding side and the roles and expectations. As the informal care by grandparents is increasingly popular, the research outcomes will have important implications to the extant literature on grandparents taking care of their grandchildren

Pemantapan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Kursus Tamadun Islam dan Tamadun Asia (TITAS) : Kajian Tinjauan Persepsi Pelajar

Kursus Tamadun Islam dan Tamadun Asia (TITAS) merupakan kursus generik yang perlu diambil oleh semua pelajar di universiti tanpa mengira perbezaan latarbelakang. Dalam konteks ini, tanggungjawab untuk menyampaikan isi kandungan kursus ini adalah sangat besar dan berat walaupun kursus ini bertaraf generik. Terdapat pelajar yang beranggapan kursus ini mudah untuk lulus berdasarkan pengalaman pelajar-pelajar lain. Tanggapan sedemikian menyebabkan mereka mengambil kursus ini secara sambil lewa dan tidak meletakkan komitmen yang tinggi untuk memahami kepentingan kursus. Penilaian penyelidik turut mendapati isi kandungan kursus dan rujukan perlu dikemaskini. Terdapat isi kandungan yang perlu diberi pengukuhan dan penambahbaikan selaras dengan permasalahan dan situasi semasa (waqi’). Tindakan sebegini dapat membantu untuk mempertingkatkan mutu pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam kalangan pelajar yang berbilang agama. Penilaian daripada semua pelajar samada pelajar Islam mahupun bukan Islam perlu diambil kira supaya kita dapat mengetahui pengharapan yang diletakkan terhadap kursus TITAS. Berkemungkinan terdapat persoalan daripada pelajar bukan Islam tentang kenapa mereka perlu mengambil kursus ini sedangkan isi kandungan kursus lebih menjurus kepada agama Islam. Pelajar juga menilai kursus ini sebagai ulangan daripada apa yang dipelajari semasa di sekolah menengah iaitu matapelajaran Sejarah terutamanya yang menyentuh tentang ketiga-tiga tamadun (Melayu, Cina dan India). Data daripada penilaian pelajar dapat membantu untuk memantapkan lagi kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Kertas penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengutarakan cadangan penambahbaikan kursus yang sedia ada. Contohnya dialog antara agama oleh wakil-wakil agama dan pembentangan isu ketamadunan dalam kolokium oleh para pelajar bagi memantapkan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran TITAS